Caesarea and Jerusalem: The Rivalry for Primacy of Two Palestinian Cathedrae in the Era of Late Antiquity
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52575/2687-0967-2024-51-2-323-336Keywords:
rivalry for primacy, bishop of Jerusalem, metropolitan bishop of Caesarea, cathedra, Palestine, Caesarea Maritima, Jerusalem, Late Antiquity, Apostolic see, Holy CityAbstract
The article is about the history of the rivalry for primacy between two Palestinian cathedrae in Late Antiquity. The author notes that the topic is poorly researched and concludes that the rivalry between Jerusalem and Caesarea began in the early IV century and continued until the official declaration of Jerusalem as an autocephalous Church at the Council of Chalcedon in 451, and the bishop of Jerusalem as the patriarch. The process of the rise of the bishops of Jerusalem cannot be considered as instantaneous, took place only during the reign of one bishop of Jerusalem, but as a process that took place for almost a century and a half. During this confrontation, some things played an important role: firstly the city of Jerusalem itself which gradually became a Holy City; secondly the apostolic origin of the see of Jerusalem; thirdly the situation in the Christian Church, especially the actions of such powerful hierarchs as the Pope, the patriarchs of Antioch and Alexandria; fourthly dogmatic disputes and, finally, the personal qualities and ambitions of the bishops of the two cities. The high importance of the last bishop and the first patriarch of Jerusalem, Juvenal, reinforced by the actions of his predecessors, made it possible to put an end to the rivalry with Caesarea and rise above its bishops forever.
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The work was carried out without external sources of funding.
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