Planсia Magna of Perge: On the Problem of Female Evergetism in Roman Asia Minor
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52575/2687-0967-2025-52-2-291-305Keywords:
Asia Minor, Perge, Pamphylia, charity, empire, Plancia Magna, prosperity, genderAbstract
The article is the first attempt in the Russian historiography to outline evergetic activities of a prominent benefactor of Roman Asia Minor, Plancia Magna from Perga, in Pamphylia. The archaeological complex of the Hellenistic gates rebuilt into the ceremonial gates of the city of Perge is a striking example of the activity of a private philanthropist from a small Roman Asian town during the period of great prosperity (abundance) of the 2nd century. As a collection of self-governing communities, the Roman Empire of the Antonine era reached the pinnacle of its development as an ancient civilization, achieving the highest standard of living for urban community citizens in all of ancient times. This philanthropy was supplemented by the state when necessary, creating an effective system of private-public partnership. The activities of Plancia Magna are also of interest because they are among the most striking examples of female evergetism, which raises not only gender issues, but also political and legal aspects concerning women’s ability to carry out such activities. Another monument to the evergetissa is her mausoleum erected in front of the ceremonial entrance to the city.
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Список литературы
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Arena G. 2005. Città di Panfilia e Pisidia sotto il dominio romano: continuità strutturali e cambiamenti funzionali. Catania, Edizioni del Prisma, 476.
Baybo S. 2015. Archaeological Site of Perge. Ankara, MCT, 160.
Birley A.R. 2003. Hadrian’s Travels. In: The Representation and Perception of Roman Imperial Power. Proceedings of the third Workshop of the International Network Impact of Empire (Roman Empire, c. 200 B.C. – A.D. 476). Netherlands Institute in Rome, March 20–23, 2002. Amsterdam: 425–441.
Birley A.R. 1997. Hadrian. The Restless Emperor. London, Routledge, 400.
Boatwright M.T. 2003. Hadrian and the Cities of the Roman Empire. Princeton, Princeton University, 239.
Boatwright M.T. 1991. Plancia Magna of Perge: Women’s Roles and Status in Roman Asia Minor. In: Women’s History and Ancient History, ed. J. Gardiner, S. Pomeroy. Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina Press: 242–278.
Boatwright M.T. 1991а. The Imperial Women of the Early Second Century A.D. In: The American Journal of Philology 112, No. 4: 513–540.
Boatwright M.T. 1993. The City Gate of Plancia Magna in Perge. In: Roman Art in Context: An Anthology, ed. E. D’Ambra. Englewood Cliffs, Prentice Hall: 189–207.
Bulgurlu S. 1999. Perge Kenti Hellenistik Güney Kapısı ve Evreleri [Perge City Hellenistic South Gate and Its Phases]. Unpublished PhD diss. Istanbul University, 198.
Caceres B. 2015. Female Munificence – Plancia Magna & The Hellenistic Gate. Unpublished Paper. New York, CUNY Graduate Center, 22.
Caceres-Cerda B.F. 2018. The Exceptional Case of Plancia Magna: (Re)analyzing the Role of a Roman Benefactress. Master's Thesis. New York, CUNY Graduate Center, 96.
de Grazia Vanderpool C. 2005. Fashioning Plancia Magna. Memory and Revival in the Greek East during the Second Century A.D. In: Terra Marique: Studies in Art History and Marine Archaeology in Honor of Anna Marguerite McCann, ed. J. Pollini. Oxford, Oxbow: 12–29.
Dmitriev S. 2005. City Government in Hellenistic and Roman Asia Minor. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 448.
Edip Ozgur M. 2016. Perge. With Sculptures and Flowers. Ankara, Donmez offset, 156.
Gatzke A. 2020. The Gate Complex of Plancia Magna in Perge: A Case Study in Reading Bilingual Space. In: The Classical Quarterly. 70: 385–396.
Grainger J.D. 2009. The Cities of Pamphylia. Oxford, Oxbow, XII, 255.
Jameson S. 1965. Cornutus Tertullus and the Plancii of Perge. In: The Journal of Roman Studies. 55: 54–58.
Kearsley R.A. 2005. Women and Public Life in Imperial Asia Minor: Hellenistic Tradition and Augustan Ideology. In: Ancient West and East 4, no. 1: 98–121.
Kritsotakis D. 2008. Hadrian and the Greek East: Imperial Policy and Communication. Diss. Columbus, The Ohio State University, 266.
Magie D. 1950. Roman Rule in Asia Minor. To the End of the Third Century after Christ. Vol. I. Princeton, University Press, 723.
Martini W. 2003. Topographie und Architektur. In: Die Akropolis von Perge: Survey und Sondagen 1994–1997, ed. H. Abbasoğlu, M. Wolfram. Mainz, von Zabern: 12–78.
Mitchell St. 1974. The Plancii in Asia Minor. In: The Journal of Roman Studies. 64: 27–39.
Roueche Ch. 1989. Floreat Perge! In: Images of Authority: Papers Presented to Joyce Reynolds on the Occasion of her 70th Birthday, ed. M.M. Mackenzie, Ch. Roueche. Cambridge, Cambridge Philological Society: 206–228.
Rumscheid J. 2000. Kranz und Krone. Zu Insignien, Siegespreisen und Ehrenzeichen der römischen Kaiserzeit. Tübingen, Wasmuth, 270.
Sahin S. 1999. Inschriften Griechischer Stadte Aus Kleinasien: Die Inschriften Von Perge, Teil I, Bonn, Osterreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften Nordrhen-Westfalische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 319.
Sahin S. 2004. Inschriften Griechischer Stadte Aus Kleinasien: Die Inschriften Von Perge, Teil II, Bonn, Osterreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften Nordrhen-Westfalische Akademie der Wissenschaften, XVIII, 221.
Sahin S. 1996. Perge Kentinin Kurucuları ve Plancia Magna [Founders of Perge City and Plancia Magna]. In: Adalya, 1: 45–52.
Stebnicka K. 2015. M. Antonios Polemon. In: Janiszewski P., Stebnicka K., Szabat E. Prosopography of Greek Rhetors and Sophists of the Roman Empire. Oxford, Oxford University Press: 302–304.
Van Bremen R. 1996. Limits of Participation: Women and Civic Life in the Greek East in the Hellenistic and Roman Periods. Amsterdam, J.C. Gieben, 399.
Wegner M. 1956. Hadrian, Plotina, Marciana, Matidia, Sabina. Berlin, Gebr. Mann, 145, XII.
Zuiderhoek A. 2009. The Politics of Munificence in the Roman Empire. Citizens, Elites and Benefactors in Asia Minor. Cambridge, UP, 186.
Zuiderhoek A. 2011. Oligarchs and Benefactors: Elite Demography and Euergetism in the Greek East of the Roman Empire. In: Political Culture in the Greek City after the Classical Age. Groningen-Royal Holloway Studies on the Greek City after the Classical Age, II. Leuven, Peeters: 185–195.
Zuiderhoek A. 2020. Benefactors and the Poleis in the Roman Empire: Civic Munificence in the Roman East in the Context of the Longue Durée. In: Benefactors and the Polis. The Public Gift in the Greek Cities from the Homeric World to Late Antiquity. Cambridge, UP: 222–242.
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