Thracian Crobizi – from Odessos to Odessa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52575/2687-0967-2025-52-1-13-21Keywords:
Thrace, Thracians, Crobizi, Getae, Odessos, Dobrudja, Pliny the ElderAbstract
The article is devoted to the interpretation of information about the Crobizi in the works by Pseudo-Skimnus, Strabo, and Pliny the Elder. According to the ancient scholars, this Thracian people lived in different regions of the Northwestern Black Sea region. This information allows us to trace their migration from Thrace to the Northern Black Sea coast. This paper attempts to determine the time and reasons for this migration. Fulfilment of this goal requires reference to a wider range of sources, including the works by ancient authors of 6th – 5th centuries BC. The author suggests that there were two stages of the Crobizi migration – first, from South Dobrudja to North Dobrudja, and then, from North Dobrudja to the area of the Tiligul estuary. The first migration was probably caused by the invasions of the Bastarnae and Savromatians from the 2nd century to the early 1st century BC, and the second one – by the campaign of Marcus Licinius Crassus in 29–28 BC.
Downloads
References
Список литературы
Агбунов М.В. 1987. Античная лоция Черного моря. Москва, Наука. 153 с.
Агбунов М.В. 1992. Античная география Северного Причерноморья. Москва, Наука. 234 с.
Андрух С.И. 1995. Нижнедунайская Скифия в VI – начале I в. до н. э. (этно-политический аспект). Запорожье, Запорожский государственный университет. 205 с.
Делев П. 2014. История на племената в Югозападна Тракия през I хил. пр. Хр. София, Университетско издателство «Св. Климент Охридски». 539 с.
Драганов Д. 2020. Среброто на Сариак и крахът на Второто скитско царство в Добруджа. В: Божкова Б., Генчева Е. (ред.). In memoriam Ivani Venedikov. По случай 100 – годишнината от рождението му. Годишник на Националния археологически музей. Том ХIV. София, НАИМ – БАН: 135–142.
Златковская Т.Д. 1951. Мёзия в I–II веках нашей эры (К истории Нижнего Дуная в римское время). Москва, Издательство Академии наук СССР. 246 с.
Зубарев В.Г. 2005. Историческая география Северного Причерноморья по данным античной письменной традиции. Москва, Языки Славянской Культуры. 502 с.
Илиев Й. 2023. Тракия и траките в политиката на Рим и Македония по времето на Филипп V
(221–179 г. пр. Хр.). Плевен, Izdavam.com. 232 с.
Карышковский П.О. 1971. Истрия и ее соседи на рубеже III–II вв. до н. э. ВДИ 2: 35–55.
Лазаренко И. 2015. Скитите в Тракия (VII в. пр. н. е. – I в. от н. е.). Часть I: писмени извори за скити в Тракия. Варна, Онгъл. 406 с.
Манов М. 2015. Скифские цари в Добрудже. SCRIPTA ANTIQUA. Вопросы древней истории, филологии, искусства и материальной культуры.4: 424–436.
Петков П. 2011. Военно-политически отношения на тракийските владетели в европейския югоизток между 230/229 г. пр. Хр. – 45/46 г. сл. Хр. Велико Търново, Фабер. 348 с.
Подосинов А.В., Скрижинская М.В. 2011. Римские географические источники: Помпоний Мела и Плиний Старший. Тексты, перевод, комментарии. Москва, Индрик. 502 с.
Полин С.В. 2017. Сарматское завоевание Северного Причерноморья (современное состояние проблемы). Археология евразийских степей. 3: 224–243.
Сапрыкин С.Ю. 2018. Древнее Причерноморье. Москва – Санкт-Петербург, Издательство РХГА. 742 с.
Симоненко А.В., Лобай Б.И. 1991. Сарматы Северо-Западного Причерноморья в I в. н. э. (Погребения знати у с. Пороги). Киев, Наукова думка. 108 с.
Тодорова Х., Йорданов К., Велков В., Торбатов С. 2011. История на Добруджа. Том I. Велико Търново, Фабер. 412 с.
Фол А. 1975. Тракия и Балканите през ранноелинистическата епоха. София, Наука и Изкуство. 272 с.
Фол А., Спиридонов Т. 1983. Историческа география на тракийските племена до III в. пр. н. е. В 2-х томах. Том I. София, Издательство Българската на Академия на Науките. 188 с.
Христов И. 2009. Троглодитите. Непознатите траки и скалните паметници край морския бряг. Варна, Славена. 88 с.
Яйленко В.П. 2018. Заметки по топонимике, этнонимии античного и средневекового Северного Причерноморья, Скифии – Сарматии. Боспорские исследования. 36, 37–86.
Dimitrova St. 2016–2017. Troglodytes in Thrace. 1. Source and Location. Orpheus 23–24, 39–57.
Matei-Popescu F. 2018. Тhe Thracian Strategiae in Scythia Minor. В: Ботева-Боянова Д., Делев П., Цветкова Ю. (съст. и ред.). Общество, царе, богове. Сборник в памет на проф. Маргарита Тачева. София, Университетско издателство «Св. Климент Охридски»: 107–118.
References
Agbunov M.V. 1987. Antichnaya lociya Chernogo morya [Ancient Black Sea Sailing Directions]. Moscow, Nauka. 153 p.
Agbunov M.V. 1992. Antichnaya geografiya Severnogo Prichernomor`ya [Ancient Geography of the Northern Black Sea Region]. Moscow, Nauka. 234 p.
Andrukh S.I. 1995. Nizhnedunajskaya Skifiya v VI – nachale I v. do n. e`. (e`tno-politicheskij aspekt) [Lower Danube Scythia in the VI – early I century B.C. (Ethno-Political Aspect)]. Zaporozh`e, Zaporozhskij gosudarstvenny`j universitet. 205 p.
Delev P. 2014. Istoriya na plemenata v Yugozapadna Trakiya prez I hil. pr. Hr. [A History of the Tribes of South-Western Thrace in the First Millennium BC.]. Sofiy, Universitetsko izdatelstvo «Sv. Kliment Oxridski». 539 p. (in Bulgarian).
Draganov D. 2020. Srebroto na Sariak i krah"t na Vtoroto skitsko carstvo v Dobrudzha [The Silver of Sariakos and the Collapse of the Second Scythian Kingdom in Dobrudzha]. In: Bozhkova B., Gencheva E. (red.). In memoriam Ivani Venedikov. Po sluchaj 100-godishninata ot rozhdenieto mu. Godishnik na Nacionalniya arxeologicheski muzej [On the Occasion of the 100th Anniversary of his Birth. Yearbook of the National Archaeological Museum]. Tom XIV. Sofiya, NAIM – BAN: 135–142 (in Bulgarian).
Zlatkovskaya T.D. 1951. Myoziya v I–II vekax nashej e`ry` (K istorii Nizhnego Dunaya v rimskoe vremya) [Moesia in the I–II centuries AD (Toward a History of the Lower Danube in Roman Times)]. Moscow, Izdatel`stvo Akademii nauk SSSR. 246 p.
Zubarev V.G. 2005. Istoricheskaya geografiya Severnogo Prichernomor`ya po danny`m antichnoj pis`mennoj tradicii [Historical Geography of the Northern Black Sea Coast According to the Data of the Ancient Written Tradition]. Moscow, Yazy`ki Slavyanskoj Kul`tury`. 502 p.
Iliev J. 2023. Trakiya i trakite v politikata na Rim i Makedoniya po vremeto na Filipp V (221–179 g. pr. Xr.) [Thrace and the Thracians in the Policy of Rome and Macedonia in the Time of Philip V (221–179 B.C.)]. Pleven, Izdavam.com. 232 p. (in Bulgarian).
Kary`shkovskij P.O. 1971. Istriya i ee sosedi na rubezhe III–II vv. do n.e. [Histria and its Neighbours at the Border of the 3rd – 2nd Centuries BC.]. In: VDI (Ancient History Bulletin). 2: 35–55.
Lazarenko I. 2015. Skitite v Trakiya (VII v. pr. n. e. – I v. ot n. e.). Chast` I: pismeni izvori za skiti v Trakiya [The Sсythians in Thrace (7th Century BC – 1st Century AD). Part І. Written Sources for Sсythians in Thrace]. Varna, Ong``l. 406 p. (in Bulgarian).
Manov M. 2015. Skifskie cari v Dobrudzhe [Scythian Kings in Dobrudja] In: SCRIPTA ANTIQUA. Voprosy` drevnej istorii, filologii, iskusstva i material`noj kul`tury` (Questions of ancient history, philology, art and material culture). 4: 424–436.
Petkov P. 2011. Voenno-politicheski otnoshenia na trakiyskite vladeteli v evropeyskia yugoiztok mezhdu 230/229 g. pr. Hr. – 45/46 g. sl. Hr. [Military and Political Relations of the Thracian Rulers in the European Southeast between 230/229 BC – 45/46 BC]. Veliko Tarnovo, Faber. 348 p. (in Bulgarian).
Podosinov A.V., Skrizhinskaya M.V. 2011. Rimskie geograficheskie istochniki: Pomponij Mela i Plinij Starshij. Teksty`, perevod, kommentarii [Roman Geographical Sources: Pomponius Mela and Pliny the Elder. Texts, Translation, Commentary]. Moscow, Indrik. 502 p.
Polin S.V. 2017. Sarmatskoe zavoevanie Severnogo Prichernomor'ya (sovremennoe sostoyanie problemy) [Sarmatian Conquest of the Northern Black Sea Coast (Current State of the Problem)]. In: Arxeologiya evrazijskix stepej [Archaeology of the Eurasian Steppes]. 3: 224–243.
Sapry`kin S.Yu. 2018. Drevnee Prichernomor`e (Ancient Black Sea Region). Moscow – Sankt-Peterburg, Izdatel`stvo RНGA. 742 p.
Simonenko A.V., Lobaj B.I. 1991. Sarmaty` Severo-Zapadnogo Prichernomor`ya v I v. n. e`. Pogrebeniya znati u s. Porogi) [Sarmatians of the North-West Black Sea Region in the 1st Century A.D. (Burials of Nobles Near the Village of Porogi)]. Kiev, Naukova dumka. 108 p.
Todorova X., Jordanov K., Velkov V., Torbatov S. 2011. Istoriya na Dobrudzha [History of Dobrudja]. Tom I. Veliko T``rnovo, Faber. 412 p. (in Bulgarian).
Fol A. 1975. Trakiya i Balkanite prez rannoelinisticheskata epoxa [Thrace and the Balkans in the Early Hellenistic Age]. Sofiya, Nauka i Izkustvo. 272 p. (in Bulgarian).
Fol A., Spiridonov T. 1983. Istoricheska geografiya na trakijskite plemena do III v. pr. n. e. [Historical Geography of the Thracian Tribes up to the III Century BC.]. V 2-x tomax. Tom I. Sofiya, Izdatel`stvo B``lgarskata na Akademiya na Naukite. 188 p. (in Bulgarian).
Xristov I. 2009. Trogloditite. Nepoznatite traki i skalnite pametnici kraj morskiya bryag [Troglodytes. The Unknown Thracians and the Rock Monuments Near the Seashore]. Varna, Slavena. 88 p. (in Bulgarian).
Yajlenko V.P. 2018. Zametki po toponimike, etnonimii antichnogo i srednevekovogo Severnogo Prichernomor'ya, Skifii – Sarmatii [Notes on Toponymy, Ethnonymy of the Ancient and Medieval Northern Black Sea Coast, Scythia-Sarmatia] In: Bosporskie issledovaniya (Bosporan Studies). 36: 37–86.
Dimitrova St. 2016–2017. Troglodytes in Thrace. 1. Source and Location. In: Orpheus 23–24, 39–57 (in English).
Matei-Popescu F. 2018. Тhe Thracian Strategiae in Scythia Minor. In: Boteva-Boyanova D., Delev P., Czvetkova Yu. (s``st. i red.). Obshhestvo, czare, bogove. Sbornik v pamet na prof. Margarita Tacheva [Society, Kings, Gods. A Collection in Memory of Prof. Margarita Tacheva]. Sofiya, Universitetsko izdatelstvo «Sv. Kliment Oxridski»: 107–118 (in English).
Abstract views: 5
Share
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2025 Via in tempore. History and political science
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
