INSTITUTIONAL DEFICITS, THE «WELFARE STATE» AND STATE SOCIAL POLICY: THE ESSENCE OF CONCEPTS AND POLICY MODELS

Abstract

The author explores a serious scientific and applied problem of institutional deficits, which are, on the one hand, the basis of social problems. On the other hand, deficits correlate with the lack of resources necessary for the state to implement effective social policy. Scientific problems of deficits, including institutional deficits, were used from economic theory and integrated into the research of state social policy as an independent direction in political science in the 70–80 years of the twentieth century. Research on the problem of deficits, regardless of the socialist or capitalist system, the quality of planning and management of industries and spheres in the state can exacerbate or mitigate the phenomenon of deficits. Based on the available theory and empirical information, the author analyzes the causes of institutional deficits in modern societies, including modern Russia, and provides examples of deficits: social inequality, externalities, and targeting by the state and business of traditional institutions such as trade unions. In this article, the author proposes the periodization of state social policy, which correlate with the types of state social policy.