The study of the personality of Hypatia in foreign historiography
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52575/2687-0967-2021-48-2-299-317Keywords:
Hypatia, foreign historiography, foreign classical studies, late antiquity, Alexandria, St. Cyril of AlexandriaAbstract
This article analyzes the degree of study of the personality of Hypatia and the main trends on this issue in foreign historiography. The image of Hypatia has attracted the attention of researchers since the 18th century. The popularity of the image is due to the fact that she was a woman philosopher and head of the school in Alexandria, as well as her brutal murder by radical Christians from the parabolan group. Hypatia became a symbol of a martyr for paganism, and her murder is evidence of the cruelty and intolerance of Christians. During the 19th and 20th centuries, the topic of Hypatia continued to be studied, attracting the attention of all schools and trends. A real boom in research activity has been observed since the 1980s and 90s, when the first specialized monographs on Hypatia appeared. At the moment, Hypatia is the most popular late antique philosopher, one of the five most popular philosophers of the ancient world in general, arousing research interest from researchers from all over Europe, as well as the USA, Australia, South Africa and even South Korea. The main attention is drawn to the themes of her murder associated with interfaith relations in late antique Alexandria, her philosophical teachings, research in the field of exact sciences, the school she heads, as well as personal and public life, social ties. At the moment, the most acute debates are on the role of Patriarch Kirill in her murder, on the importance of Hypatia for mathematics and philosophy, as well as on the direction of neo-Platonism, which she followed. The main problem is the difficulty of researching the work of Hypatia in the field of mathematical sciences for humanist historians who cannot fully appreciate her work. Huge attention to Hypatia is riveted on the part of the feminist movement, of which she is a symbol.
References
Болгов Н.Н., Болгова А.М. 2019. Александрийские школы V в. по «Философской истории» Дамаския. В: ИРЕСИОНА. Античный мир и его наследие. Вып. VI. Материалы научной сессии кафедры всеобщей истории к 40-летию начала антиковедческих исследований. Белгород, НИУ «БелГУ»: 105–136.
Дорофеева В.А., Высокий М.Ф., Тимофеев М.А. (изд.). 2007. Филосторгий. Сокращение «Церковной истории». В: Церковные историки IV–V веков. Москва, РОССПЭН: 187–262, 520–584.
Кривушин И.В. (изд.). 1996. Сократ Схоластик. Церковная история. Москва, РОССПЭН, 368.
Оболенский В.И., Терновский Ф.А., Бодянский О.М. (изд.). 1884. Летопись византийца Феофана от Диоклетиана до царей Михаила и сына его Феофилакта. Москва, Ун-т типогр. на Страстн. б-ре М. Каткова, 370.
Asmus R. 1907. Hypatia in Tradition und Dichtung. In: Studien zur vergleichenden Literaturgeschichte. 7: 26–27.
Baghos M. 2014. Ecclesial Memory and Secular History in the Conflicting Representations of Cyril of Alexandria: An Apology for the Saint. In: PHRONEMA. Vol. 29 (2): 87–125.
Barry W.D. 1996. Roof Tiles and Urban Violence in the Ancient World. In: Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies. 37: 55–74.
Bekker I. (ed.). 1854. Suidae Lexicon. Berolini typis et impensis G. Reimeri, 1158.
Belenkiy A. 2010. An Astronomical Murder? In: Astronomy and Geophysics. 51.2: 9–13.
Bernard A. 2010. Theon of Alexandria and Hypatia. In: The Cambridge History of Philosophy in Late Antiquity. Vol. 1. Cambridge: 417–436.
Bigoni G. 1886/1887. Ipazia Alessandrina Studio Storico. In: Atti del R. ist. Veneto di scienze, lettere ed arti. 6 ser. 5: 397–437, 495–526, 681–710.
Booth C. 2017. Hypatia: Mathematician, Philosopher, Myth. UK & USA: Fonthill, 192.
Brendel R. [Rezension zu]: Watts, Edward J. Hypatia. The Life and Legend of an Ancient Philosopher (Women in Antiquity). New York 2017: Oxford University Press. XII, 205 S. In: H-Soz-Kult. URL: https://www.hsozkult.de/publicationreview/id/reb-26192 (дата обращения 17.02.2021).
Cameron A. 2013. The Life, Work and Death of Hypatia. In: Le Voyage des légendes: Hommages à Pierre Chuvin. Paris: 65–82.
Cameron Al. 1990. Isidore of Miletus and Hypatia: On the Editing of Mathematical Texts. In: Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies. 31: 103–127.
Cameron Al. 2016. Hypatia: Life, Death, and Works. In: Wandering Poets and Other Essays on Late Greek Literature and Philosophy. Oxford: Oxford University Press: 185–203.
Cameron Al., Long J. 1993. Barbarians and Politics at the Court of Arcadius. Berkeley, 440.
Canio B., Isola S., Russo L. 2017. Dating Hypatia's birth: a probabilistic model. In: Mathematics and Mechanics of Complex Systems. Т. 5 (1): 19–40.
Čelkytė A. 2017. [Review]: Watts, Edward J. Hypatia: the life and legend of an ancient philosopher. Women in antiquity. New York: Oxford University Press, 2017. xii, 205 p. In: Bryn Mawr Classical Review. URL: http://www.bmcreview.org/2017/10/20171007.html (дата обращения 17.02.2021).
Charles R.H. (ed.). 1916. The Chronicle of John, bishop of Nikiu. Trans. from Zotenberg's ethiopic text. London: Society by Williams & Norgate, 216.
Cribiore R. 2007. Spaces for Teaching in Late Antiquity. In: Alexandria Auditoria of Kômel-Dikka and Late Antique Education. Warsaw: 143–150.
Deakin M.A.B. 2007. Hypatia of Alexandria. Matematician and Martyr. New York: Prometheus Books, 231.
Desmolets P.-N. (ed.). 1749a. Dissertation sur Hypacie, où l‟on justifie Saint Cyrille d‟Alexandrie sur la mort de cette Sçavante. In: Continuation des Mémoires de Litterature et d‟Histoire. 5.1: 139–186.
Desmolets P.-N. (ed.). 1749b. Lettre de Mademoiselle B. à M. G. sur la Dissertation précedente (1728). In: Continuation des Mémoires de Litterature et d‟Histoire. 5.1: 187–191.
Donovan S. 2008. Hypatia: Mathematician, Inventor, and Philosopher. Mankato (MN): Compass Point books, 112.
Dzielska M. 1995. Hypatia of Alexandria. Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press, 157.
Évrard É. 1977. A quel titre Hypatie enseigna-t-elle la philosophie? In: Revue des Études Grecques. 90: 69–74.
Gibbon E. 1781. The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. In 6 vols. Vol. III. London, Strahan & Cadell, 643.
Haas C. 1997. Alexandria in Late Antiquity. Topography and Social Conflict. Baltimore and London, The Johns Hopkins University Press, 497.
Harich-Schwarzbauer H. 2011. Hypatia: Die spätantiken Quellen. Eingeleitet, kommentiert, und interpretiert. Bern, Lang, 397.
Heijden G. 2016. Study of the Reception of the Life and Death of the Neoplatonist Philosopher Hypatia of Alexandria in Amenabar„s Film Agorá. Durban, University of Kwazulu-Natal, 140.
Heikura P.T. 2000. Kuka murhasi filosofi Hypatian? Рiispa Kyrillos ja Hypatian kuolema. In: Niin & näin. 4: 30–33.
Hoche R. 1860. Hypatia, die Tochter Theons. In: Philologus. 15 (1–3): 435–74.
Holasek A. 2012. Rola pontyfikatu Cyryla (412–444) w procesie umacniania potegi patriarchy aleksandryjskiego w kosciele. In: Vox Patrum. 32. T. 58: 107–113.
Hypatia: A Journal of Feminist Philosophy. In: Cambridge University Press. URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/hypatia (дата обращения 17.02.2021).
Kaplow L. 2005/2006. Religious and Intercommunal Violence in Alexandria in the 4th and 5th centuries C. E. In: Hirundo, the McGill Journal of Classical Studies. Vol. 4: 2–26.
Knorr W.R. 1989. Textual Studies in Ancient and Medieval Geometry. Boston, Birkhäuser, 864.
Kramer C. 2006. Holy Murder: The Death of Hypatia of Alexandria. Concord, Massachusetts, Infinity Publishing, 284.
Lämmle С.S. 2018. [Review]: Hypatia: The Life and Legend of an Ancient Philosopher. By Edward J. Watts. New York, Oxford University Press (Women in Antiquity). 2017. Pp. xii, 205. In: Phoenix. 72.1/2: 170–172.
Leonard V. 2017. [Book Reviews]: Edward J. Watts. Hypatia: The Life and Legend of an Ancient Philosopher. Women in Antiquity. New York, Oxford University Press, 2017. Pp. 224. In: Studies in Late Antiquity. Winter: 416–419.
Lewis T. 1721. The History of Hypatia, A Most Impudent School- Mistress of Alexandria: Murder‟d and Torn to Pieces by the Populace, in Defence of Saint Cyril and the Alexandrian Clergy. From the Aspersions of Mr. Toland. London, 44.
Majcherek G. 2007. The Late Roman Auditoria: An Archeological Overview. In: Alexandria Auditoria of Kôm el-Dikka and Late Antique Education. Warsaw: 11–50.
Marrou H.I. 1952. La „conversion‟ de Synésios. In: Revue des Études Grecques. 65: 474–84.
Marrou H.I. 1964. Synesius of Cyrene and Alexandrian Neoplatonism. In: The Conflict between Paganism and Christianity in the Fourth Century. Oxford, Clarendon: 126–150.
Martinez M.L. 2014. «Había una mujer en Alejandría que se llamaba Hipatia»: su presencia en Agora de Amenábar. In: Asparkía. 25: 202–222.
Mazza R. 2018. [Review]: Edward J. Watts, Hypatia: The Life and Legend of an Ancient Philosopher. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2017. Pp. 224. In: New England Classical Journal. Vol. 45. Issue 1: 59–62.
McKenzie J. 2007. The Architecture of Alexandria and Egypt, 300 B. C. – 700 A. D. New Haven and London, Yale University Press: 460.
Medicci J.M., de. 2007. The Beloved and the Damned: Hypatia and Cyril from late Antiquity through Modernity. M.A. Thesis. University of Wisconsin – Eau Claire, 155.
Meyer W.A. 1886. Hypatia von Alexandria: Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte des Neuplatonismus. Heidelberg, Weiss, 52.
Minardi C. 2011. Re-Membering Ancient Women: Hypatia of Alexandria and Her Communities. Atlanta, University of Georgia: 234.
Mueller I. 1987. Hypatia. In: Women of Mathematics: A Biobibliographic Sourcebook. Westport, CT, Greenwood: 74–79.
Neugebauer O. 1949. The Early History of the Astrolabe. In: Isis. 40: 240–256.
Neugebauer O. 1975. A History of Ancient Mathematical Astronomy. Berlin, Springer, 1457.
Nietupski N. 1993. Hypatia of Alexandria: Mathematician, Astronomer, and Philosopher. In: Alexandria. The Journal of the Western Cosmological Traditions. 2: 46–62.
Paton W.R. (ed.). 1917. The Greek Antology with an English translation. In 5 vols. Vol. III (Book IX). London, William Heinemann; New York, G.P. Putnam's Sons, 456.
Penella R.J. 1984. When Was Hypatia Born? In: Historia. 33: 126–128.
Petkas A. 2018. [Review]: Edward J. Watts, Hypatia: the Life and Legend of an Ancient Philosopher. New York, Oxford University Press, 2017. Pp. xii + 205; 9 illustrations. In: Ancient History Bulletin. 8: 11–14.
Pizzi A. [Review]: Hypatia: The Life and Legend of an Ancient Philosopher. Edward J. Watts. In: CulturaMente. URL: https://www.culturamente.it/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/E.J.-Watts-Hypatia-book-review-by-Alessia-Pizzi-Culturamente.it_.pdf (дата обращения 17.02.2021).
Rashed R. 1974. Les travaux perdus de Diophante I, II. In: Revue d‟Histoire des Sciences. 27: 97–122.
Rashed R. 1975. Les travaux perdus de Diophante I, II. In: Revue d‟Histoire des Sciences. 28: 3–30.
Richeson A.W. 1940. Hypatia of Alexandria. In: National Mathematics Magazine. 15: 74–82.
Rist J.M. 1965. Hypatia. In: Phoenix. 19.3: 214–225.
Rome A. 1926. Le troisième livre sur l‟Almagest par Théon et Hypatie. In: Annales de la Société Scientifique de Bruxelles. 46: 1–14.
Ronchey S. 1999. Hypatia the Intellectual. In: Roman Women. Chicago: 160–189.
Ronchey S. 2005. Adoring Hypatia. Platonic Love, or the Conflicting Emotions a Byzantine Teacher May Arouse. In: Porphyra. n. 6. Bisanzio, narrazione di una civiltà colta: 129–138.
Ronchey S. 2018. [Review]: Accidental death of a professor. On a recent book on Hypatia E.J. Watts, Hypatia. The Life and Legend of an Ancient Philosopher, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2017, pp. i-xii, 1–205. In: Silvia Ronchey Docenza. URL: http://www.silviaronchey.it/docenza/2/160/Accidental-Death-of-a-Professor-On-a-Recent-Book-on-Hypatia-E-J-Watts-Hypatia-The-Life-and-Legend-of-an-Ancient-Phi/ (дата обращения 17.02.2021).
Roques D. 1995. La Famille d‟Hypatie. In: Revue des Études Grecques. 108: 128–149.
Sampson K. 2018. Den kjente og den glemte Hypatia. In: Norsk Filosofisk Tidsskrift. ÅRGANG 53, NR. 2–3: 53–65.
Seeck O. 1966. Geschichte des Untergangs der antiken Welt, 6 Bände. Bd. 6. Darmstadt, Wissenschaft liehe Buchgesellschaft.
Tannery P. 1880. L‟article de Suidas sur Hypatie. In: Annales de la Faculté des Lettres de Bordeaux. 2: 197–200.
Toland J. 1753. Hypatia: Or, the History of a most beautiful, most vertuous, most learned, and every way accomplish‟d Lady; who was torn to Pieces by the Clergy of Alexandria, to gratify the Pride, Emulation, and Cruelty of their Archbishop, commonly but undeservedly stiled St. Cyril. London, 36.
Voltaire F.-M. A. 1860. Hipathie. In: Dictionnaire philosophique. Oeuvres complètes de Voltaire: Nouvelle édition. Vol. 13. Paris: 585–586.
Abstract views: 383
Share
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2021 Via in tempore. History and political science
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
